1858 - IRB Formation

The Irish Republican Brotherhood held its first formal meeting in Dublin, marking the birth of an organization that would profoundly influence Irish nationalism. James Stephens and Thomas Clarke Luby established the basic structure of the secret revolutionary society, adapting the model of earlier groups like the United Irishmen. The meeting set out the IRB's fundamental aim of establishing an independent Irish republic through physical force.

The organization's formation represented a new phase in Irish revolutionary nationalism, combining modern organizational methods with traditional republican ideology. The IRB's structure of small cells, strict secrecy, and hierarchical leadership would prove influential in subsequent nationalist movements. The brotherhood's emphasis on military preparation and its international connections, particularly with Irish-American supporters, would shape nationalist strategy for generations.

1922 - Army Organization

Michael Collins continued his work of reorganizing the National Army, transforming it from a guerrilla force into a conventional military organization. This complex process involved establishing formal command structures, training programs, and proper military discipline. The reorganization was crucial for creating a professional force capable of defending the new state.

The changes reflected the challenging transition from revolutionary movement to state army, with Collins attempting to maintain military effectiveness while ensuring loyalty to the new government. The reorganization faced significant challenges, including resistance from some IRA units opposed to the Treaty and the need to integrate former British Army veterans. These reforms would prove crucial in preparing for the looming Civil War.

1979 - EMS Entry

Ireland formally entered the European Monetary System, marking a significant step in the country's integration into European economic structures. This decision represented a major shift in Irish monetary policy, breaking the traditional link with sterling and aligning more closely with European currencies. The move demonstrated Ireland's growing confidence in pursuing an independent economic course.

The entry into the EMS had profound implications for Irish economic policy and relations with Britain. While it offered potential benefits in terms of monetary stability and reduced inflation, it also presented challenges for Irish exporters and required careful economic management. The decision reflected Ireland's broader strategy of reducing dependence on Britain through closer European integration.