March 20th in Irish History
1835 - Orange Order Inquiry
The first parliamentary inquiry into the Orange Order began, marking a significant investigation into sectarian organizations in Ireland. The inquiry was established in response to growing concerns about the Order's influence on local governance and its role in sectarian tensions. Witnesses provided extensive testimony about Orange activities, including allegations of discrimination against Catholics and involvement in violent incidents.
The investigation revealed the extent of Orange Order influence within the police, judiciary, and local government. Evidence presented to the inquiry documented how the Order's networks affected everything from job appointments to law enforcement. The findings would lead to reforms aimed at reducing sectarian influence in public institutions, though implementation proved challenging due to entrenched interests.
1923 - Civil War Intensity
Free State forces launched major operations in Kerry, targeting anti-Treaty IRA units in what would become one of the conflict's most intense phases. The campaign involved thousands of troops and represented a new level of military organization by the Free State army. Operations focused particularly on the mountainous regions where republican forces had established strong positions.
The intensity of the fighting reflected the government's determination to end the civil war through decisive military action. The Kerry operations were marked by both military professionalism and considerable brutality, with both sides engaging in reprisals. These actions would leave lasting scars on local communities and contribute to the bitter legacy of the Civil War in Kerry.
1974 - UWC Strike Plans
The Ulster Workers Council finalized plans for their general strike, which would ultimately bring down the power-sharing executive. The planning involved coordination between loyalist paramilitaries, trade unions, and political groups opposed to the Sunningdale Agreement. The detailed preparation demonstrated the organizational capabilities of loyalist opposition to power-sharing.
The strike planning reflected deep-seated unionist fears about the Sunningdale Agreement and its implications for Northern Ireland's constitutional status. The organizers developed sophisticated strategies for disrupting essential services and mobilizing working-class Protestant communities. These preparations would prove crucial in the strike's eventual success in forcing the collapse of the power-sharing experiment.