1318 - Bruce Campaign Ends

Edward Bruce, who had claimed the High Kingship of Ireland, was defeated and killed at the Battle of Faughart, effectively ending the Bruce campaign in Ireland. The three-year Scottish intervention in Ireland, while ultimately unsuccessful, had significantly weakened Anglo-Norman control and demonstrated the vulnerability of English authority in Ireland. The campaign's failure marked the end of the last serious attempt to unite Scottish and Irish Gaelic forces against English rule.

1923 - Civil War Executions

The Free State government carried out the last executions of anti-Treaty prisoners, bringing the total number of official executions during the Civil War to 77. These executions, which had deeply divided Irish society, would leave lasting scars on the new state. The policy of executing republican prisoners had proven particularly controversial and would influence Irish politics for generations.

1972 - Northern Ireland Crisis

The British government published its proposals for the future governance of Northern Ireland, following the suspension of Stormont. The "Green Paper" outlined plans for power-sharing between communities and proposed a role for the Republic of Ireland in Northern Ireland's affairs. These proposals marked a significant shift in British policy and would influence subsequent attempts at political settlement.